Palladium nanoparticles supported on chitin-based nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction

• Tony Jin,
• Malickah Hicks,
• Davis Kurdyla,
• Sabahudin Hrapovic,
• Edmond Lam and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2477–2483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.201

Synergy between supported ionic liquid-like phases and immobilized palladium N-heterocyclic carbene–phosphine complexes for the Negishi reaction under flow conditions

• Edgar Peris,
• Raúl Porcar,
• María Macia,
• Jesús Alcázar,
• Eduardo García-Verdugo and
• Santiago V. Luis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1924–1935, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.159

• the presence of palladium nanoparticles (Figure 5) confirming that during the reaction a part of the leached palladium was converted into PdNPs. The higher reactivity of the cocktails based on 9b and 9c can be associated with the presence of PdNPs with smaller size distributions. Our previous results

• combination of a classical molecular mode of operation and a cocktail-type mode of operation can also be involved in the Negishi reaction. Two different palladium species released from the NHC complex can act as catalyst for the Negishi reaction: i) soluble Pd(II) species or ii) palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs

Water-soluble SNS cationic palladium(II) complexes and their Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in aqueous medium

• Alphonse Fiebor,
• Richard Tia,
• Banothile C. E. Makhubela and
• Henok H. Kinfe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1859–1870, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.160

• mixture turned black in the presence of TBAB, we were under the impression that the reaction could have proceeded via formation of palladium nanoparticles as it is common with most palladium catalysed coupling reactions. However, mercury drop experiments provided comparable yields (Table 2, entry 29 and

• 30) under the same reaction conditions ruling out the possibility of a coupling reaction catalysed by palladium nanoparticles [37]. The fact that the reaction mixture remained yellowish in the absence of TBAB and the mercury drop experiments did not lead to an appreciable decrease in yield, the

One hundred years of benzotropone chemistry

• Arif Dastan,
• Haydar Kilic and
• Nurullah Saracoglu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1120–1180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.98

• variety of areas in organic chemistry [56][57]. Recently, Shaabani’s group synthesized and characterized palladium nanoparticles supported on ethylenediamine-functionalized cellulose (PdNPs@EDACs) as a novel bio-supported catalyst for Heck and Sonogashira couplings in water [58]. Shaabani’s group reported

An alternative to hydrogenation processes. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzophenone

• Cristina Mozo Mulero,
• Alfonso Sáez,
• Jesús Iniesta and
• Vicente Montiel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 537–546, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.40

• ; electrocatalytic hydrogenation; palladium nanoparticles; polymer electrolyte membrane; Introduction Hydrogenation is a common procedure applied in organic chemistry industry based on the use of an external hydrogen source, generally carried out under moderate experimental conditions of high temperature (until 673

• electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzophenone has not been accomplished using a PEMER yet. This work aims at exploring the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzophenone over palladium nanoparticles supported on carbon black based electrode using a PEMER. A nanoparticulate platinum gas diffusion electrode is used

Transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of phenols and aryl thiols

• Yajun Liu,
• Shasha Liu and
• Yan Xiao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 589–611, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.58

• reaction to proceed smoothly in THF at room temperature (Scheme 4) [24]. The reaction system used CsOH as base, providing phenols in moderate to excellent yields. In 2007, the Diaconescu group described Pd/PANI, which was prepared by supporting palladium nanoparticles with polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers. Pd

Recent advances in metathesis-derived polymers containing transition metals in the side chain

• Ileana Dragutan,
• Valerian Dragutan,
• Bogdan C. Simionescu,
• Albert Demonceau and
• Helmut Fischer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2747–2762, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.296

• biferrocenium motifs recommends them for designing new redox reactions, eventually leading to value-added nanomaterials. Along a different line, in a recent, inventive work Astruc and coworkers [48] demonstrated that triazolylbiferrocenyl-containing polymers can effectively stabilize palladium nanoparticles

Come-back of phenanthridine and phenanthridinium derivatives in the 21st century

• Lidija-Marija Tumir,
• Marijana Radić Stojković and
• Ivo Piantanida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2930–2954, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.312

• palladium nanoparticles, that were generated in situ in water with the elimination of acetone. One of the major issues is the preparation of polysubstituted phenanthridines, in particular asymmetrically positioned on one of phenyl side-rings. An intriguing approach over rhodium-catalysed alkyne [2 + 2 + 2

Isolation and X-ray characterization of palladium–N complexes in the guanylation of aromatic amines. Mechanistic implications

• Abdessamad Grirrane,
• Hermenegildo Garcia and
• Eleuterio Álvarez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1455–1462, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.165

• catalyzed by palladium salts [19], such as PdCl2 or Pd(OAc)2 in homogenous phase. Also recently we have reported that palladium nanoparticles supported on magnesia can be a solid catalyst for this process [20]. Working with PdCl2(NCCH3)2 in dichloromethane we were able to isolate two types of palladium

Scaling up of continuous-flow, microwave-assisted, organic reactions by varying the size of Pd-functionalized catalytic monoliths

• Ping He,
• Stephen J. Haswell,
• Paul D. I. Fletcher,
• Stephen M. Kelly and
• Andrew Mansfield

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1150–1157, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.133

• greatly to the promotion of the reaction. The final factor relates to the combination of microwave heating and palladium nanoparticles. Kappe et al. found that smaller particles are more active in traditional heating whereas bigger particles perform better in microwave heating [25]. The monolithic

Air-stable, recyclable, and time-efficient diphenylphosphinite cellulose-supported palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions

• Qingwei Du and
• Yiqun Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 378–385, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.48

• catalytic activity. Characterization of the reused catalysts by TEM showed that the slight agglomeration of the palladium nanoparticles had no apparently effect on its catalytic performance (Figure 4). Conclusion Nanopalladium immobilized on the surface of Cell–OPPh2 has high catalytic activity in Suzuki

Polyionic polymers – heterogeneous media for metal nanoparticles as catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki reactions under flow conditions

• Klaas Mennecke and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 21, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.21

• transition metals on solid phases inside monolithic flow reactors [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] we describe the preparation of palladium nanoparticles loaded on polyionic polymers and their use under continuous flow conditions in various C-C-cross-coupling reactions [19][20][21][22]. Results and

• -bound ammonium species [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. These functionalized composite Raschig-rings are incorporated inside the flow microreactor which has a dead volume of about 1–2 mL (Figure 1) [30]. We could show that the palladium clusters are composed of palladium nanoparticles. Particle sizes

• encapsulated Pd particles such as PdEnCat [35] show a similarly low degree of leaching in DMF to our Pd nanoparticles [36]. With reference to the fundamental work by Reetz and de Vries the ionic environment on the polymer phase that is located in very close vicinity to the palladium nanoparticles has very